White spots on skin: Possible causes and next steps 

Summary: White spots on the skin may arise from vitiligo, fungal infections, sun damage, or nutritional deficiencies like a lack of vitamin B12. While some instances may improve with home treatments like moisturisation and a healthy diet, persistent or spreading spots require medical evaluation. Although generally harmless, any alterations in size or texture should be assessed to eliminate the possibility of serious conditions. 

  White spots on the skin can be alarming, especially when they appear suddenly or last for an extended period. While they are usually harmless, they may occasionally indicate an underlying health issue. Understanding the causes of these white spots and how to proceed is important for managing the condition properly. Let’s explore the potential reasons for white spots on the skin, their symptoms, and what steps to take if they appear.  

Common causes of white spots

1. Vitiligo: This disorder arises when the immune system targets the cells responsible for skin pigmentation, resulting in white patches that may expand over time. 
2. Pityriasis alba: A prevalent skin issue, frequently seen in children and young adults, that leads to dry, scaly, and light-coloured patches, typically on the face, arms, or neck. 
3. Tinea versicolor: A fungal infection that alters the normal pigmentation of the skin, producing small white, pink, or brown patches, usually found on the chest, back, and shoulders. 
4. Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: Small, circular, white spots that develop in areas exposed to sunlight, primarily in older adults, due to prolonged sun exposure. 
5. Lichen sclerosus: A long-lasting skin condition that results in white, thin, and wrinkled patches, often affecting genital and anal regions, though it can manifest on other parts of the body as well. 
6. Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation: A reduction in skin pigment that occurs after inflammation, injury, or skin disorders such as eczema or psoriasis, resulting in either temporary or permanent white spots. 
7. Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of certain vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, can sometimes lead to white spots on the skin. 
8. Sun damage: Extended exposure to sunlight can create white patches, especially in individuals with lighter skin, due to harm inflicted on the melanocytes. 

Also read: Red spots on skin: Causes & when to worry? 

Other potential causes

• Nevus depigmentosus: An uncommon, stable birthmark characterised by diminished melanin production in a specific skin area. 
• Chemical leukoderma: Contact with harsh chemicals, like those in hair dyes or rubber products, may result in depigmented spots on the skin. 
• Leprosy: A bacterial infection that impacts nerves and skin, occasionally resulting in pale or white patches along with a loss of sensation. 
• Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory condition that can produce white patches on the skin alongside other systemic symptoms. 
• Autoimmune conditions: Specific autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or scleroderma, may lead to localised or widespread loss of skin pigmentation. 
• Genetic disorders: Some hereditary conditions, like tuberous sclerosis or piebaldism, can cause white patches due to genetic alterations affecting melanin production. 

Also read: Fungal skin infection: Types and home remedies - Hola Health

When to see a doctor

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Home treatment

1. Rehydration: Consistently using a mild, fragrance-free moisturiser can aid in alleviating dryness and preventing further irritation, particularly in conditions such as pityriasis alba. 
2. Aloe vera: Applying fresh aloe vera gel can calm the skin and support healing, especially in situations of mild inflammation or irritation. 
3. Coconut oil: Renowned for its antifungal and hydrating benefits, coconut oil can assist in managing fungal infections like tinea versicolor and relieving dry areas. 
4. Sun protection: Using sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or more helps avoid additional pigmentation problems and safeguards the skin from sun damage, which can exacerbate white spots. 
5. Nutritious diet: Eating foods high in vitamins B12, and D, and antioxidants can bolster skin health and minimise the chances of nutritional deficiencies leading to white patches. 
6. Apple cider vinegar: Diluted apple cider vinegar can be effective against fungal infections when applied to the area in question, but it should be used sparingly to prevent irritation. 
7. Turmeric paste: A combination of turmeric with milk or honey can enhance skin tone and alleviate inflammation due to its inherent healing properties. 

FAQ

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In conclusion, white spots on the skin can stem from various causes, from harmless conditions like pityriasis alba to more severe concerns like vitiligo or fungal infections. If spots persist or worsen, seeking advice from a dermatologist is essential for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Appropriate care and preventative measures can help manage and lower the risk of recurrence.